| Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one of the most efficient techniques of severe plastic deformation for the production of bulk ultrafine-grained metals. During the last decade the intensive developments of ECAP have been associated with numerous modifications of the die-set design as well as establishing new processing routes and regimes. This paper describes the various types of ECAP that have been developed recently and applied for grain refinement. Special attention is focused both on new trends in ECAP processing associated with the development of continuous processing and on its efficiency. |
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