| In this paper, we present the results of the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (NPs) in different solvents with different reduction methods, in order to study the solvent both as a stabilizer and as a dispersant in the colloid, without any inert atmospheres, additional protective molecules or special treatments, to transform the nanoparticles into zero-valent NPs. In this particular case, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), ethanol (EtOH), and water (H2O) are the solvents employed, all under aerobic conditions. The reduction methods include the solvent itself, photoreduction, chemical reduction with either sodium borohydride or sodium citrate, and (sonochemical) ultrasonic irradiation. |
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