| Up to now, there are enormous efforts to develop such coatings that can enhance the biocompatibility properties of metallic implant materials (Ti, Ti6Al4V, CoCrMo, stainless steel) and even provide antimicrobial effect. The most interesting candidates for these coatings are calcium phosphate (CaP) or specifically hydroxyapatite (HAp) phases due to their biocompatibility, osteoconductive properties, and chemical similarity to the inorganic phase of human bone. The ionic modification of CaP phases can improve the biocompatibility property of materials even more. This review provides an overview of the recent results achieved on the preparation methods of pure and ion-substituted calcium phosphates as well as their characterization. In addition, we summarize the effect of ion modification (Si, Sr, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu and Ag) on the crystal structure and biological properties of coatings as well as the biological role of ion-substituents. |
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