The mathematical models describing the dynamics of elastic elements of wing structures and representing the initial-boundary value problems for systems of partial differential equations are proposed. The dynamics and stability of elastic elements of wings, flown around by a gas or liquid stream in a model of an incompressible medium, are investigated. To study the dynamics of elastic elements and a gas-liquid medium, both linear and nonlinear models of the mechanics of a solid deformable body and linear models of the mechanics of liquid and gas are used. On the basis of the constructed functionals for partial differential equations, the sufficient stability conditions are obtained in analytical form. The conditions impose restrictions on the parameters of mechanical systems. The obtained stability conditions are necessary for solving the problems of controlling the parameters of the aeroelastic system. On the basis of the Galerkin method, a numerical study of the dynamics of elastic elements was carried out, the reliability of which is confirmed by the obtained analytical results.